Phenolic enriched extract of Baccharis trimera presents anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.

Baccharis trimera is a plant popularly used as a tea and to treat gastrointestinal diseases and inflammatory processes as well. The total phenolic content was determined and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of six extracts (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol, aqueous, saponin and phenolic) from B. trimera were evaluated. Using carrageenan-induced pleurisy as a model of acute inflammation, the phenolic extract at 15 mg/kg decreased significantly the analyzed parameters when compared to the carrageenan group ( p < 0.05), thus showing potential anti-inflammatory activity. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteau and DPPH methods, respectively. Phenolic and ethyl acetate extracts presented higher antioxidant activity ( p < 0.05) than ascorbic acid. The phenolic extract also showed the highest antioxidant potential in relation to the other extracts, thus suggesting that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were due to the presence of phenolic compounds.

N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor blockade attenuates lung injury associated with experimental sepsis.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) channel blocker dizocilpine (MK-801) on lung injury in rats submitted to experimental sepsis induced by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats submitted to CLP were given a single systemic injection of MK-801 (subcutaneously at 0.3 mg/kg) administered 4 or 7 h after CLP induction. Twelve hours after CLP BAL was performed to determine total cell count, protein content, and inflammatory parameters. In addition, lung was excised for histopathologic analyses and determination of NMDAR subunits content. In a separate cohort of animals mortality was recorded for 5 days. RESULTS: Animals submitted to sepsis induced by CLP showed an increase in the content of NMDAR subunits NR1 and NR2A in the lung. Administration of MK-801 4 h after CLP induction resulted in a decrease in BAL fluid cellular content and decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, MK-801 decreased lung oxidative stress markers and histopathologic alterations and improved survival. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that NMDAR blockade might represent a promising novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of sepsis and inflammatory disorders.

Influência do uso continuado de fluoxetina nas dosagens séricas de prolactina em mulheres / Influence of the continous use of fluoxetin in the measurement of serum prolactin in women

A importância da dosagem de prolactina reside principalmente no fato de sua utilização diagnóstica em alterações da hipófise anterior. Alguns medicamentos, como a fluoxetina, podem alterar a secreção da prolactina. Assim, o foco deste trabalho foi ode avaliar a real importância de se considerar o uso da fluoxetina, um inibidor seletivo da recaptação da serotonina (ISRS), como um interferente na interpretação dos valores de dosagens laboratoriais da prolactina em mulheres. Foram analisados dados de 95 mulheres, com idade entre 15 e 70 anos, que realizaram dosagens séricas de prolactina. As mulheres em tratamento com a fluoxetina apresentaram um aumento significativo de prolactina. Este aumento foi maior em mulheres com até 29 anos, onde chegou a níveis considerados patológicos, diminuindo de uma maneira inversamente proporcional com o aumento da faixa etária. Acima dos 45 anos, onde a maioria das mulheres encontra-se na menopausa, os valores de prolactina não se alteram com o uso da fluoxetina.

Efeito da frutose-1, 6bisfosfato sobre os níveis séricos e urinários de lactato em ratos com sepse experimental / Effect of fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate on serum and urine levels of lactate in rats with experimental sepsis

As alterções celulares e sistêmicas durante a sepse ocasionam distúrbios na circulação, queda na perfuração tecidual e consequentemente déficit de energia celular. A frutose-1-6-bisfosfato (FBP) tem demonstrado efeitos protetores em diversas situações patológicas, inclusive sepse. O objetivo deste travalho foi verificar a concentração de FBP em animais com sepse experimental. Estudo controlado em ratos Wistar divididos em 4 grupos: grupo controle com FBP(500 mg/kg). A concentração sérica de lactato aumentou signitivamente no grupo séptico. Analisando a depuração de creatinina endógena(DCE) verificou-se, que somente o grupo séptico apresentou uma diminuição significativa. Já o lactato urinário não demonstrou alterações entre os grupos de controle, séptico e séptico tratado, aumentando, porém significativamente no grupo co FBP. Este estudo demonstrou que o lactato urinário é bom marcador de perfusão tecidual na spse. Também pôde-se verificar que a ação protetora da FBP não é por melhora da perfusão tecidual, mas provavelmente por outros efeitos já descritos, tais como, ação antiflamatória, manutenção dos níveis de energia da célula, estabilização da membrana celular.

An assessment of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent in sepsis.

Tissue lesion mechanisms provoked by sepsis include the infectious process, inflammation, and cellular energy deficit. We chose to test fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) because of its possible anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial actions. Wistar rats were used and divided into three experimental groups: a control group (n=10), in which a capsule was introduced into the peritoneum of the animals; a septic group (n=10), in which a capsule containing non-sterile fecal matter was introduced together with Escherichia coli (1.5 x 10(9)CFU); and a septic group treated with FBP 500 mg/kg (n=10). The blood cell tests revealed that levels of leukocytes increased significantly in the septic group when compared to both the septic group treated with FBP and the control group. The blood cultures were 100% positive in both the septic group and the septic group treated with bisphosphorylated sugar. The antibiogram only revealed an inhibitory halo in the case of the antibiotic ampicillin, there was no such indication for FBP. The anti-inflammatory power of FBP remained at 60% for 5 h in the rats that received the carrageenan injection. What is more, the sugar reduced the levels of ionic calcium in relation to the control group. This data proves the validity of using FBP in the treatment of sepsis, possibly due to its anti-inflammatory rather than antimicrobial action.